IE6600: Computaton and Data Visualisation
Hackathon
Team - 5: Asif, Kirti, Rahul
Introduction
UNICEF works in over 190 countries and territories to save children’s lives, to defend their rights, and to help them fulfill their potential, from early childhood through adolescence. And we never give up.
UNICEF firmly believes that consistent, credible data about children’s situations are critical to the improvement of their lives – and indispensable to realizing the rights of every child.
We got the opportunity to work on UNICEF data that includes domains (child protection, health, education, etc.) in which UNICEF is working towards achieving their mission.
Taking the idea from UNICEF’s mission statement, we are trying to visualize the five goals of UNCIEF which they are committed towards achieving.
Five Goals of UNICEF:
1. Every child has an Equitable chance in life - 1 in 4 births of the global population of children under 5 have never been registered
2. Every child is protected from violence and exploitation - More than 2 in 3 children are subjected to violent discipline by caregivers
3. Every child learns - More than 175 million children do not have access to Pre-Primary education
4. Every child lives in a clean and safe environment - 3 billion people do not have handwashing facility with water and soap at home
5. Every child survives and thrives - 5.2 million children under the age of 5 died in 2019
For visualizing these goals we have selected The Least Developed Countries as we believe it is more important to understand the impact of UNICEF in these nations.
Equitable chance in life: Literacy Rate
Youth is the building block of a nation whose literacy rate defines the development of a nation. The visualization below explains the comparison of Literacy Rate among Males and Females who belong to 15-24 years of age group.
The conclusion we can derive from the visual above is that most of the youth in these countries have literacy rate around 75% and have been given a equitable chance in terms of literacy for both male and female. However, there are still few countries like Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Chad, Niger, and South Sudan that are still lacking in providing to their youth.
Learns: Attendance
The school is described as a second home for students. Students achieve their basic training of education and life from their school. The visual is depicting the transition (in %) of students from Primary school to Lower Secondary School for both male and female.
The transition from the Primary to Lower Secondary can be visually seen for both male and female. It can be easily concluded that the percentage of students attending Primary schools are not attending Lower Secondary schools. Hence, there is a lot of effort needed by UNICEF in order to make their goal of every child learns successful.
Survive and Thrives
HIV AIDS
HIV/AIDS, is considered by some authors a global pandemic. However, the WHO currently uses the term ‘global epidemic’ to describe HIV. As of 2018, approximately 37.9 million people are infected with HIV globally. We are visualizing the number of cases of HIV across the globe for understanding how countries have been affected by this global epidemic.
The map depicts there are still many countries that are dealing with this global epidemic and that too in huge numbers. There is a need for creating more awareness around HIV and its effects among these countries to eradicate this deadly disease.
Nutrition
The physical benefits of proper nutrition are endless: it gives children the energy to live life to the full, protects against malnourishment, maintains the immune system, prevents obesity and reduces the risk of chronic disease. We are trying to visualize different kinds of nourishment indicators as per countries.
Heatmap depicts the correlation between the factors responsible for having adequate nutrition for infants with respect to each country. As we can see from the heatmap that Minimum acceptable diet (6-23 months) is below 50% for all the countries and hence resulting in nutrition deficiency. However, countries like Burkina Faso, Nepal, Rwanda are providing a better nutrition to children.
Infant Mortality Rate
The infant mortality rate is an important marker of the overall health of a society. In 2018, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 5.7 deaths per 1,000 live births. We are depicting the chnage in infant mortality rate over the years from 1990 to 2016.
As it is clearly visible form the circular barplot that infant mortality rate (in %) has decreased from 1960 to 2016 for each country. We can say that UNICEF has impacted in a positive way in reducing the infant mortality rate.
Clean and Safe Environment: Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation
A safe and healthy environment not only protects children from injury and illness, it can also lower injuries & illness, and increase quality of living. In other words, clean and safe environment is good for having a healthy life. Through a bubble chart, we are depicting life expectancy of children in countries by relating them to having basic sanitation and clean drinking water.
Looking at the size of each bubble (life expectancy in %) in bubble chart presented, we can see that Bhutan has the best life expectancy among all countries because if sanitation and drinking conditions are good a nation will be healthy and have a better life expectancy.
Protection form Violence: Use of Mass Media vs Justification of Wife Beating among Adolescents
Media play an important role in increasing of public awareness and collect the views, information and attitudes toward certain issue. Media is the most powerful tool of communication in emerging world and increased the awareness and presents the real stage of society. Using the Sankey Chart we are depicting the impact of mass media towards creating awareness among female adolescents against violence.
From the flow of Sankey Chart, it is expected that the higher the impact of media among female adolescents, the lower should be the justification from female in accepting the violence against them. However, data shows us that the expected trend is not the case in many countries. Therefore, UNICEF can take more initiatives to create more awareness for protection of women from violence.
Conclusion
The 5 major goal areas span a child’s life cycle, encompassing antenatal care, through infancy, childhood and adolescence, giving priority to the most disadvantaged children. Equity for children is both a stand-alone goal and a cross-cutting priority. The results areas target the key barriers that hold children and young people back, deny them the agency to shape their destinies and prevent them from accessing critical services that can save their lives and help them fulfil their potential.
From our understanding of the visualizations in least developed countries, we can say UNICEF has created a a positive impact in areas such as improving literacy rate, reducing infant mortality rate, and increasing the life expectancy by providing better sanitation and clean drinking water services. However, there are a few areas such as protecting female from violence, providing more awareness about nutrition in chlid, HIV, and seeking higher education where UNICEF can create a stronger impact.
Future Scope
With the help of more data, we would depict more time series charts to study more closely how UNICEF has impacted in their goals since their inception in each country.